Randy Olson, Melissa Farlow Photography

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  • A wild mustang trudges through snow pawing at drifts foraging for grasses to survive on in the Ochoco Mountains.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1200574.TIF
  • Spawning salmon runs fill the Ozernaya River, considered the crown jewel of Kamchatka  and runs directly into the Bering Sea.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260983-11.TIF
  • An elephant walking through the savannah.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114425.JPG
  • A 113-year-old, the oldest man in Japan.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7890_1386425.TIF
  • Physical therapy room at the largest nursing home facility in Italy.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7890_1386357.TIF
  • Black bear on tree branch in Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114636.jpg
  • Black bear feeds on salmon in Anan Creek.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114635.jpg
  • Black bear feeds on salmon in the Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114634.jpg
  • Black bear feeding on salmon in the Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114631.jpg
  • Juvenile black bear feeds on salmon in the Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114628.jpg
  • Black bear at Margaret Creek feeding on salmon.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114618.jpg
  • A wild horse struggles to find food in the snow packed Ochoco mountains. They are adept at pawing at ground under trees where drifts are not as deep.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222904.jpg
  • Portrait of a wild horse in the snow-covered Ochoco National Forest in the Big Summit Wild Horse Territory in Oregon. The origins of the herd are not entirely clear according to the U.SD. Forest Service. Early accounts describe local ranchers in the 1920s turning loose quality animals from a good breeding stock to ensure a future supply of good horses. Recent genetic testing has linked the Ochoco Mustangs to Iberian and Andalusian stock, leaving much to be discovered about their true heritage.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222777.jpg
  • A vulture scavenging in the savannah.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114437.JPG
  • An elephant and wildebeests walking through the savannah.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114426.JPG
  • Goats graze on a hill in Kenya's Lake Turkana region.
    RANDY OLSON_MM8259_2328134.JPG
  • Cattle drink from Lake Turkana.
    RANDY OLSON_MM8259_2327929.JPG
  • Cattle water outside the Nyangatom village of Lokulan.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7661_1306548.JPG
  • A Kara woman breast feeding two children.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7661_1306461.TIF
  • Spawning salmon with hook noses dominate traffic in the Ozernaya River. The biggest threat to salmon in Russia is poaching.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260967.TIF
  • The Kamchatka shelf is the only place where all seven species of Oncorhynchus Salmon can be found. Spawning salmon dominate traffic in the Ozernaya River. <br />
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The salmon migration is one of the last great migrations that shapes the food supply and activities of many species, including humans. Salmon bring marine-derived nutrients from the Kamchatka shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk into the eight major river systems that run off the middle range of mountains that divide Kamchatka in half.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260965.TIF
  • A brown bear, also known as a grizzly, feasts on sockeye salmon, which is a fundamental drama in Kamchatka’s still largely intact ecosystem. <br />
<br />
Salmon—pink, chum, sockeye, coho, chinook, and masu—flood the waters that typically solitary brown bears crowd together to feed at Kuril Lake. Bears need to eat about 40 fish a day to put on weight to make it through the winter.<br />
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Brown bears in Kamchatka can be 7 to 9 feet in length and weigh 700-800 pounds. Species: U. arctic Genus:Ursus<br />
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Kamchatka has the highest density of brown bears in the world, with almost 15,000 on the Russian peninsula.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1248220.TIF
  • Spawning salmon in the Ozernaya River.<br />
The Kamchatka Shelf in Russia is the last safe place for salmon and the only place on Earth with seven species of oncorhynchus (derived from Greek words meaning hook nose). These photographs illustrate a story about fish that were left alone for millions of years but are now threatened.  Along the entire Pacific Rim, salmon production is down to 3 or 4 percent of historic production. Salmon transform from silver missiles in the ocean to brightly colored creatures as they make their way back up their ancestral rivers, and during spawning adult males develop a hooked nose. They stop eating, so it doesn’t matter that their mouths no longer work for food.  The photo in the Ozernaya River, above, shows pink salmon— the most abundant—coming in from the left side of the frame, and sockeye—the most valuable—just below them.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1248219.JPG
  • Brown bears fish for salmon in one of the best spots where the Ozernaya River flows into Kurilskoe Lake.  An abundant food supply attracts the bears, also known as grizzlies, to the protected watersheds of Kamchatka’s Kurilskoe Lake Preserve, the gem of the Russian preserve system.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1248218.TIF
  • Brown bears fishing for salmon in Kuril Lake. Kurilskoe Lake Preserve is a world heritage site and had serious poaching. But now, two or three wardens are always out on enforcement and they pack out for a month at a time. The official salary for wardens is $200 a month, but the WWF came in and supplemented salaries and bought them the equipment they need to do the job. WWF decided one of the gems of the reserve system that exists in all of Russia should be poaching free - and that also protects the brown bears.
    MM7593_20080812_06379.tif
  • Brown bears fishing for salmon in Kuril Lake. Kurilskoe Lake Preserve is a world heritage site and had serious poaching. But now, two or three wardens are always out on enforcement and they pack out for a month at a time.  The official salary for wardens is $200 a month, but the WWF came in and supplemented salaries and bought them the equipment they need to do the job. WWF decided one of the gems of the reserve system that exists in all of Russia should be poaching free - and that also protects the brown bears.
    MM7593_20080813_06845.tif
  • Spawning salmon in the Ozernaya River. Along the entire Pacific Rim, salmon production is down to 3 or 4 percent of historic production. Salmon transform from silver missiles in the ocean to brightly colored creatures as they make their way back up their ancestral rivers, and during spawning adult males develop a hooked nose.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260983-12.TIF
  • The Ozernaya River is full of spawning pink salmon— the most abundant—coming in from the left side of the frame, and sockeye—the most valuable—just below them.<br />
<br />
The Kamchatka Shelf in Russia is the last safe place for salmon and the only place on Earth with seven species of oncorhynchus (derived from Greek words meaning hook nose). These photographs illustrate a story about fish that were left alone for millions of years but are now threatened.  <br />
<br />
Along the entire Pacific Rim, salmon production is down to 3 or 4 percent of historic production. Salmon transform from silver missiles in the ocean to brightly colored creatures as they make their way back up their ancestral rivers, and during spawning adult males develop a hooked nose. They stop eating, so it doesn’t matter that their mouths no longer work for food.  The photo in the Ozernaya River, above, shows
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260983-10.TIF
  • A trap found in the woods.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114680.jpg
  • Black bear shakes water off head and feeds on salmon in Anan Creek.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114639.jpg
  • Black bear on tree branch in Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114638.jpg
  • Black bear climbing tree in Tongass National Forest.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114637.jpg
  • Black bear feeds on salmon in Anan Creek.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114629.jpg
  • Black bear at Margaret Creek feeding on salmon next to a  fish ladder.
    MELISSA FARLOW_RF4115_1114620.jpg
  • An older red stallion scarred from bites and fights intently watches a challenging stud. Battles for dominance in a wild horse herd can be brutal.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222871.jpg
  • A wild horse is seriously wounded from running into a barbed wire fence. The western landscape is full of old fences that once divided ranches and they are hazards for unsuspecting wildlife.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222814.jpg
  • Scars and open wounds prove the fights are fierce. When wild stallions battle for mares and status in the hierarchy of a herd, the injuries can be brutal.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222793.jpg
  • A pair of hyenas.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114436.JPG
  • A hyena carries an animal carcass.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114435.JPG
  • A girraffe eating from treetops.
    RANDY OLSON_RF4319_1114427.JPG
  • Cattle drink from Lake Turkana.
    RANDY OLSON_MM8259_2327913.JPG
  • Goats drink at the bank of Lake Turkana.
    RANDY OLSON_MM8259_2327877.JPG
  • A Kara woman nurses her baby behind a shelter in a field.
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  • Spawning salmon with hook noses dominate traffic in the Ozernaya River.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260966.TIF
  • Colorful spawning salmon in the Ozernaya River. Salmon transform from silver missiles in the ocean to brightly colored creatures as they make their way back up their ancestral rivers, and during spawning adult males develop a hooked nose.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260961.TIF
  • Steller's sea-eagles hone in on a salmon run to feed. Kurilskoe Lake preserve is the gem of the Russian preserve system, and these soaring birds of prey are called Stellar sea eagles in the U.S. and white-shouldered eagles in Russia, also nicknamed “parrots.” <br />
<br />
They are one of the 137 species that depend solely on salmon for protein. Salmon carcasses frozen near the surface of very shallow streams make frozen “TV dinners” for several species.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1248229.TIF
  • Kurilskoe Lake Preserve is a world heritage site and had serious poaching. But now, two or three wardens are always out on enforcement and they pack out for a month at a time. The official salary for wardens is $200 a month, but the WWF came in and supplemented salaries and bought them the equipment they need to do the job. WWF decided one of the gems of the reserve system that exists in all of Russia should be poaching free.
    MM7593_20080811_08158.tif
  • Though blind, an Mbute boy endures rites of manhood alongside peers. He learns survival skills in the forest and takes part in all the rituals over a five month period until the group is initiated and boys become men. When the boys run along the trails he does also, with his hands on the back of the boy in front of him. All boys are whipped each morning which is believed to help make them tough to survive in the Ituri Forest. <br />
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Pygmies are semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers who rely on a healthy forest for their livelihood.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_972252.TIF
  • Pygmies chop down the forest they need for their own survival. As Bantus move into this area and search for gold or other resources, these cancerous settlements in the forest grow and grow and eventually the Pygmies don't have the healthy forest they need to survive.
    MM7029_019789.tif
  • Men carrying lumber out of the Ituri Forest in Congo. Logging companies hire Pygmies to cut down trees that the indigenous tribe depends on for survival.
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  • Mbuti Pygmy boys learn to fish and other survival skills at their hunting camp in the Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo.<br />
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Boys go through the circumcision ceremony called nKumbi. They are whipped every morning to make them tough, and then they sent off into the forest to hunt or fish. The boys pull a small hook out of their skirts and get a vine and a stick—they know where to dig for worms.  They catch five or six 2inch long fish and eat them raw for lunch.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_976419.TIF
  • Pygmy Boys in a nKumbi Manhood Ritual wear a leaf mouthpiece to keep them silent. Forest Pygmies near Epulu, Democratic Republic of Congo are indigenous, semi-nomadic, hunter-gatherers in the rainforest of the Congo Basin. The BaMbuti Pygmies perform a  nKumbi or initiation that lasts five months where the boys live at a camp in the forest and daily learn survival skills.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_972262.TIF
  • The thin whisper of skirts dissolves into the Ituri rain forest as boys trail their elders on their way to a hunting camp. The Mbyte are one of several Pygmy groups still following semi-Nomadic traditions in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Part of the nKumbi manhood ritual involves young Pygmy boys learning survival skills. They walk single file on a path to meet net hunters wearing grass skirts while they train for five months before their initiation into manhood. At that time, they will be on on their own and will share adult responsibilities and feed their families.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_972253.TIF
  • A Masaai woman dries her clothes in the sun. Water and other survival necessities are rare in this area around Endulen, Tanzania.
    MM7314_02369.tif
  • A worker repairs electrical power lines above pedestrians. <br />
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The need for electrical power is great in Shanghai and migrant workers are hired to hook up cables by strapping a high voltage wire around their waist walking on the actual wires that bring the electricity.  <br />
<br />
A coal-fired power plant comes online every four to five days in China that can power a city the size of San Diego. One hundred cities with populations over 1 million faced extreme water shortages. China’s survival has always been built on the notion of a vastly powerful, infallible center. And yet, air pollution contributed by these plants kills 400,000 people prematurely every year.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7493_1176331.jpg
  • An Mbuti boy catches fish as part of his initiation into manhood. Pygmy boys learn survival skills in the Ituri Forest.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_972261.TIF
  • Workers install new grass, that will only survive with a watering system, along the infinity pool at Sasakwa Lodge in the Grumeti Reserve.
    MM7314_20050701_12642.tif
  • Hookah divers searching for lobsters off the coast of Indonesia.<br />
Lobster is considered the cockroach of the ocean.  It will survive on anything and is often all that is left after a reef has been ravaged by the live reef trade.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7393_1055371.JPG
  • Bald cypress trees are reflected in the still water of Billy's Lake with surviving end of summer lily pads for fish to hide under in the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge,  Georgia. The lake is also the origin of the Suwanee River the flows from from the west entrance of the swamp into Florida.
    MELISSA FARLOW_05842_470840-2.JPG
  • Human skull and other bones surfaced from under melting tundra from abandoned sunken houses and boats in what is believed to be a failed sailing expedition. The story goes that ship wrecked explorers built shelters to survive and were poisoned by their lead food containers before they could be rescued. The site is near Barrow but closer to Lonely, Alaska near the DEW line or Distant Early Warning radar station in the far northern Arctic.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM6659_705729-31.JPG
  • Dust settles as wild horses come to a halt, trapped after running from a helicopter during a Bureau of Land Management roundup. Drought and wild land fire created stressful conditions for the rugged, wily and skinny equine who barely survived eating twigs and dried up grasses.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222851.TIF
  • A blue-eyed Palomino mare approaches for a closer look. The U.S. government released Thoroughbred horses at Nevada’s Sheldon range to mix with the Standardbred bloodlines making a bigger, faster “war horse.” During World War I and II, horses were rounded up from Sheldon, loaded onto railroad cars and taken to the East Coast where they were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. Horses that survived the journey had a bit placed in their mouths and began to pull artillery or serve as a cavalry mount. A shipment of 500 horses left every day and a half to supply American and Allied troops.  Nearly eight million horses died in World War I alone. <br />
Remnants of the “war horse” herds roamed free until they were totally removed from the Sheldon National Wildlife Range.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222829.jpg
  • Wild horses create a cloud of dust as they gallop making trails across dry, sagebrush-covered public lands. Trails mark paths the horses follow in their trek through the barren desert of the Bureau of Land Management's Jackson Mountains searching for water and food.<br />
Nearly half the wild horses in the U.S. live in Nevada where they compete for food, water and territory with cattle, other wildlife, and oil gas and mineral exploration. Drought and wild land fire place greater pressures on the scrappy herd that survives on little to nothing in the Winnemucca rangeland.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1200521.jpg
  • A pregnant mare rolls in the mud with a plastic bucket over her mouth as a muzzle to keep her from being inadvertently eating caterpillars, thus limiting her exposure to toxins.<br />
In 2001, approximately 25% of all pregnant mares in Kentucky aborted their foals within several weeks (over 3,000 mares lost pregnancies), and abortion rates exceeded 60% on some farms because of Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS).  The mysterious disease caused mares to spontaneously abort at an early term as well fully developed foals—the babies that survived had heart and eye problems. Those that didn’t die or were put down had brain injuries and are often referred to as “dummy foals.”  University of Kentucky estimates 1400 foals were aborted costing the state 336 million dollars.<br />
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What was known was that mares were being exposed to something in the fields—a fungus or mycotoxin that seemed to be related to the Eastern tent caterpillar that was found in cherry trees. Farms tried to limit their risk and exposure to the grass by putting plastic buckets over their mouths.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7017_720969.jpg
  • Vicunas live near the arid Atacama Desert in Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca. They survive eating nutrient-poor, tough, bunch grasses. Highly valued for their wool, vicunas are protected by law. The vicuna is the national animal of Peru and appears on the Peruvian coat of arms.
    MELISSA FARLOW_04526_1187564.jpg
  • Archway and iron gate of the cathedral adorned with turrets on the Plaza de Armas adorned with Spanish Colonial architecture in Arequipa, Peru.<br />
The cathedral has survived the earthquake prone city.  It was constructed in 1656 but gutted by fire in 1844, then destroyed in the earthquake of 1868 but rebiult shortly thereafter.
    MELISSA FARLOW_04526_1187513.jpg
  • On the edge of the PanAmerican highway, a Huastec Indian family plays soccer kicking the ball under a clothes line in the front courtyard. The family still follows the old ways in the mountains of Mexico, living in a thatched adobe house and surviving on farming.
    MELISSA FARLOW_04526_1187011.jpg
  • Fish inspectors take a break during their pursuit of salmon poachers.<br />
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A warden shares tea with the poachers in their kitchen tent. There are a lot of unwritten rules. Fish wardens know that it costs $10,000 to get into a poaching camp in Kamchatka, and $10,000 to get back out by helicopter with your catch. The wardens understand that if they destroy fishing gear and caviar production facilities, they have harmed their neighbors enough. And they also can’t afford $10,000 to get criminals back by helicopter for prosecution.<br />
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The poachers know this, and know not to bring any kind of identity papers with them because it is possible for them to be prosecuted with their passports.  The kitchen survives the burn so men can feed themselves. The poachers go free, but have to sit and wait for their helicopter, empty handed which is why the wardens don’t burn their kitchen or sleeping areas.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260973.JPG
  • Young girls are dressed in their finest for a wedding celebration in a remote village. Their families are some of the industrious people who came to Kamchatka for “northern money” had to scramble when default happened, and they survived with no state money.  Highly valued Russian caviar was their only resource between 1995 and 2005.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260914.TIF
  • Residents of a remote village  in Kamchatka rush to meet the supply helicopter. Original inhabitants Khailino are indigenous. Dogs run wild in the street and locals on board a motorcycle race to try to get a woman on board to be taken where she can get medical attention. <br />
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In Northern Kamchatka, indigenous Koryak people and Russians came for “Northern money” when the Soviet Union wanted to tame the area. Income paid was eight times more than a similar job in Moscow, so some people figured out how to get all the necessary permits to work. When default happened, no one in the remote outposts received salaries.  People made a living from salmon caviar and created fishing brigades with distribution systems. Living in a very small community of 700 residents, and the temperatures drop to –40° in the winter, everyone works hard to merely survive and are kind to each other.
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  • Men load a wooden plank onto a bicycle. Logging companies are one of the greatest threats to indigenous tribe of Pygmies that survive in the forest as hunters and gatherers.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_1001271.TIF
  • A Mbuti boy displays welts from being whipped during a puberty ritual. The belief is that the harsh treatment makes them stronger to survive the challenges of life in the Ituri Forest.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_976447.TIF
  • Pygmy boys dance wear leaves on their mouths for silence as they go through a manhood initiation called nKumbi.  They wear ceremonial skirts for their circumcision ceremonies, and when the ritual is completed, the skirts will hang in the trees at the entrance to their village in the Democratic Republic of Congo.<br />
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Pygmies are nomadic hunter-gatherers who rely on a healthy forest to survive. They have no claim to their own home territory, however, because the colonial Belgians assigned land rights only to sedentary groups
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  • The Mbuti ferry the portable details of their lives from camp to camp. The semi-nomadic tribe hunts and gathers in the Ituri Forest to survive.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7209_972257.JPG
  • Ahu Akahanga – This small Moai in the blue light of late evening shows the early style for crafting Moais – he has really big eyes – shorter proportions - and it may have been associated with the Ahu behind it at this place over the ocean.  This area on the south coast had a higher population density and had more Moai.  The early statues were more variable in form… later they started to look more alike.<br />
<br />
Easter Island is the most remote inhabited island in the world.  The nearest population center is Chile (2300 miles) and the nearest Polynesian center in the opposite direction is Tahiti (2600 miles).  Easter Island, (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua) is famous for Moai everywhere along the coast toppled on their Ahu’s and littered abandoned in the center along the Moai roads used to transport them.  Polynesians had a knack for colonizing even the most inhospitable oceanic rock.  They were adept sailors, explorers, colonizers and their experience taught them the best way to escape war or famine was to sail east, to windward in search of new islands.  There is no evidence that a 2nd group reached the island in early history as Heyerdall alledges – in fact it points to the opposite.  Easter Island had military rule until 1965 and had cashless societies of fishing and farming that have since been broken apart by independence and a dependence on tourism.  Rapanui incest laws are strict with everybody tracing roots to 30 or so couples who survived 19th century Peruvian slave raiding and epidemics.
    MM8059_20110522_05453.tif
  • Easter Island is the most remote inhabited island in the world.  The nearest population center is Chile (2300 miles) and the nearest Polynesian center in the opposite direction is Tahiti (2600 miles).  Easter Island, (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua) is famous for Moai everywhere along the coast and littered abandoned in the center along the Moai roads used to transport them.  Polynesians had a knack for colonizing even the most inhospitable oceanic rock.  They were adept sailors, explorers, colonizers and their experience taught them the best way to escape war or famine was to sail east - to go windward in search of new islands.  There is no evidence that a 2nd group reached the island in early history as Heyerdall alledges – in fact it points to the opposite.  Easter Island had military rule until 1965 and had cashless societies of fishing and farming that have since been broken apart by independence and a dependence on tourism.  Rapa Nui are strict with marriage records and it is possible to trace this culture's roots to 30 or so couples who survived 19th century.
    MM8059_20110616_10548.tif
  • Hookah divers searching for lobsters off the coast of Indonesia.<br />
Lobster is considered the cockroach of the ocean. It will survive on anything and is often all that is left after a reef has been ravaged by the live reef trade.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7393_1055371-1.JPG
  • Wild horses kick up dust as they gallop through the dry Nevada desert. Horses survive on little living on barren public lands in the American West.
    MELISSA FARLOW_MM7517_1222853.jpg
  • The grooms antics amuse the bride during a wedding reception in Khailino in Kamchatka, Russia. It is important to note that some of the theater of this wedding happened because it is Russian tradition. The community has endured great hardship and a people who have adjusted to being really kind to each other to all survive together.
    RANDY OLSON_MM7593_1260917.TIF
  • Mbuti boys endure whippings during a puberty ritual.<br />
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After several months in the Ituri Forest, Pygmy boys learn skills to survive on their own. They hunt, fish and learn to read the forest. On the last day of the nKumbi, whipping is more severe and includes a ceremony where the boys are secluded within a phalanx of men. They are met halfway thru the village with women carrying whips and a melee ensues–the intent is to control the destiny of the child. <br />
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The women want the boy to stay a boy and the men want the boy to be acknowledged as a man.
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